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Hurricane the storm is predicted to escalate to a uncommon Category 5 storm as it turns toward the Caribbean island, causing deadly rapid inundation and rock falls.

The cyclone, which had winds of up to 120 mph as of 0600 Greenwich Mean Time, is now shifting northwest in the Caribbean Sea and is projected to make landfall by midweek, according to weather experts.

Alerts of power cuts and disruption to utilities have been released as Melissa produces up to 30 inches of rain and storm surges as high as 4m above typical tides. "Seek shelter now," locals have been told.

The cyclone is the thirteenth hurricane in the ongoing Atlantic hurricane season, which normally finishes in the eleventh month.

Most Intense Cyclone Risk

A Category 5 storm is the most powerful category, with wind speeds of at least 252 km/h.

Although this storm is expected to weaken to a category four cyclone before reaching the island, authorities said there was "almost no noticeable change in the general consequences" upon reaching the coast, and that the storm will be "just as powerful" when it strikes the nation.

Critical Safety Steps

With tropical storm-strength wind and rainfall anticipated well in advance long before it crosses central Jamaica - possibly even the capital, Kingston - warnings state that "preparations should be rushed to completion".

"An extended timeframe of destructive gusts and torrential rain have begun and will cause catastrophic and life-threatening flash flooding and numerous landslides," advised meteorological officials.

The country's head of government the official commented: "I understand that there are numerous residents who are worried, who are deeply troubled, and appropriately: you should be concerned.

"However the best way to handle anxiety and any nervousness and concern is to stay ready."

Locals are being advised to fortify their houses with sand barriers and wooden boards, and to accumulate necessary supplies.

Regional Consequences

Warnings are also ongoing for parts of the neighboring country encompassing the capital, Port au Prince, the adjacent nation and the eastern part of Cuba, where this storm is projected to bring similar effects by the midweek period.

Rock slides already being caused by the cyclone have caused two deaths in the country, according to emergency services.

Future Path

Melissa is predicted to pass over Cuba by midweek before moving through the Caribbean archipelago and emerging into the open ocean.

By the moment it makes contact with Cuba, it is forecast to have reduced to a third-level hurricane.

Environmental Context

Although it is hard to associate particular meteorological occurrences to global warming, researchers say it is resulting in meteorological events more common and more severe.

Increased sea temperatures generate more moisture in the atmosphere, helping fuel the formation of storms.

Before the beginning of the current Caribbean cyclone season, climate agencies predicted above-normal activity, mentioning warmer seas and likely enhanced seasonal rains around the western African continent - where Atlantic storms often form.